The Perspective of Deep-sea Science Research and the Establishment of Modern Hydrothermal Laboratories in China     

I-Ming CHOU 《地质学报》2013,87(Z1):3-4

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100株深海真菌次生代谢产物的生物活性初步研究     

徐新霞  易志伟  马群  盖英宝  汤熙翔 《台湾海峡》2010,29(4):466-472

利用中国＂大洋一号＂第20航次采集的深海沉积物样品进行了真菌分离鉴定,获得110株深海真菌,这些菌分属于15个属.其中曲霉和青霉最多,共为55株,占50%,且重复较多,只分布于10个种.利用CCK8法及琼脂扩散法对其中的100株深海真菌进行了抗肿瘤及抗菌活性检测,发现深海真菌具有良好的生物活性,细胞毒阳性率占49%,26%的菌株具有明显抗大肠杆菌效果、23%明显抗枯草、5%抗白假丝酵母、21%抗金黄色葡萄球菌.生物活性与培养基成分及筛选用肿瘤细胞株类型相关.对具有生物活性的20株深海真菌发酵粗提物进行了HPLC指纹图谱初步分析,发现其HPLC指纹图谱与培养基成分相关.该研究为后期分离鉴定深海真菌产生的生物活性化合物奠定了良好基础.  相似文献   

西太平洋多金属结核区表层沉积物细菌群落结构及其对沉积扰动的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王苑如  崔鸿鹏  李继东  孙栋  王春生  杨娟 《海洋学研究》2021,39(2):21-32

本文基于大洋第48航次在西太平洋马尔库斯 威克海山多金属结核区采集的6个表层沉积物样品的高通量测序结果,开展底栖细菌群落结构调查,共获得253012条序列,分属于41个门、85个纲、189个目、261个科和322个属。其中,变形菌纲(Proteobacteria)为优势类群,分为γ 、α 和δ 三个亚群,分别占总序列条数的24.76%、20.21%和6.48%。绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)及硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)等类群的序列数和属种较丰富。对序列条数大于1%的OTU(operational taxonomic units)分析,共获得优势菌群23个目,包含6个优势科,10个优势属,其中,铁锰功能细菌占10.20%,主要来自交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)(6.90%)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)(1.80%)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)(1.00%)等,另外还存在参与氮和硫元素循环的种属。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示结核区细菌主要涉及信号转导、蛋白转运、原核生物固碳、群体感应、能量转换、氨基酸和嘧啶代谢等功能。BC1826站位与其他站位相比,细菌多样性较低。结合沉积柱粒度分析结果,推测BC1826站位微生物群落结构的差异与沉积扰动有关,两者具有一定的响应关系。与已有研究成果汇总对比发现,西太平洋结核区与东太平洋结核区的细菌群落组成结构有较大差异。  相似文献   

南中国海深水L区火山发育及地震反射特征研究     

应明雄  刘建英 《物探化探计算技术》2012,34(4):431-435,367,368

海洋石油天然气勘探面临最大的困难是高成本、高风险、高技术,因此,对地球物理工作者及地球物理技术提出了更高的要求.在对前期钻井资料分析了解的基础上,通过对工区内地震资料进行分析研究,同时对火山岩的基本地球物理响应特征进行分析归类,识别并归纳出该工区内四种类型的火山发育模式,建立起工区内四种火山岩发育类型的地震响应特征规律.这一规律将有助于研究南中国海深水区地震反射异常区的分析论证,有助于揭示不同时期地震异常体性质,为该地区的石油天然气勘探工作提供更为准确的资料.  相似文献   

Comment on “Evaluation of palaeo-oxygenation of the ocean bottom cross the Permian–Triassic boundary” by Kakuwa (2008): Was the Late Permian deep-superocean really oxic?     

Yasuhiro Kato  Yukio Isozaki 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,69(1-2):79-81

Nearly 15 years after the proposal of the superanoxia concept (Isozaki, Y., 1994. Superanoxia across the Permo–Triassic boundary: record in accreted deep-sea pelagic chert in Japan. In: Embry, A.F., Beauchamp, B., Glass, D.J. (Eds.), Pangea: Global Environments and Resources. Memoir, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 17, pp. 805–812.), it is an appropriate timing to re-evaluate its geological context with the updated dataset. Kakuwa (Kakuwa, Y., 2008. Evaluation of palaeo-oxygenation of the ocean bottom across the Permian–Triassic boundary. Global and Planetary Change 63, 40–56.) lately discussed that the deep-sea anoxia across the Permian–Triassic boundary (P–TB) may have been much shorter than previously proposed, on the basis of ichnofabrics and geochemical data; however, his interpretations of the data do not appear straightforward nor persuading, and thus his claim is likely misled. Here we raise comments to his explanation on the following four issues: 1) invalid application of ichnofabric indices for shallow sea sediments to deep-sea cherts, 2) misinterpretation of Ce anomaly as a redox indicator, 3) improper application of various redox sensitive trace elements, and 4) questionable interpretations of δ³⁴S data of pyrites.  相似文献   

Hummocky cross-stratification-like structures in deep-sea turbidites: Upper Cretaceous Basque basins (Western Pyrenees, France)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

THIERRY MULDER  PHILIPPE RAZIN†  JEAN-CLAUDE FAUGERES‡ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(4):997-1015

Hummocky cross-stratification is a sedimentary structure which is widely interpreted as the sedimentary record of an oscillatory current generated by energetic storm waves remobilizing surface sediment on the continental shelf. Sedimentary structures named hummocky cross-stratification-like structures, similar to true hummocky cross-stratification, have been observed in the Turonian–Senonian Basque Flysch Basin (south-west France). The bathymetry (1000 to 1500 m) suggests that the observed sedimentary structures do not result from a hydrodynamic process similar to those acting on a continental shelf. The morphology of these three-dimensional structures shares similarities with the morphology of hummocky cross-stratification despite a smaller size. The lateral extent of these structures ranges from a few decimetres to many decimetres; they consist of convex-up domes (hummock) and concave-up swales with a non-erosive base. Four types of hummocky cross-stratification-like geometries are described; they occur in association with structures such as climbing current ripple lamination and synsedimentary deformations. In the Basque Flysch, hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are only found in the Tc interval of the Bouma sequence. Hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are sporadic in the stratigraphic series and observed only in few turbidite beds or bed packages. This observation suggests that hummocky cross-stratification-like structures are linked genetically to the turbidity current but form under a very restricted range of parameters. These structures sometimes show an up-current (upslope) migration trend (antidunes). In the described examples, they could result from standing waves forming at the upper flow interface because of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.  相似文献   

深海沉积理论发展及其在油气勘探中的意义   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

李祥辉  王成善  金玮  冉波 《沉积学报》2009,27(1):77-86

深海沉积理论的进展主要涉及“鲍玛序列”、浊流、砂质碎屑流和深海层序地层四方面。以Shanmugam为代表认为:“鲍玛序列”并非唯一浊流产物,可含有砂质碎屑流、浊流、内潮汐、内波、等深流多种流体作用的结果;过去识别的“鲍玛序列”A段有浊流也有相当部分是砂质碎屑流成因,B—D段交错层理则是底层牵引流沉积产生的;只有浊流的沉积物才能称为浊积岩;“高密度浊流”是指砂质碎屑流而不是浊流;浊流是一种有牛顿流和紊乱状态的沉积物重力流;浊积岩没有复杂的颗粒悬浮层和碎石浮层,不发育逆粒序。Shanmugam等关于“鲍玛序列”这一新解是深海沉积学理论的一个进步。深海牵引流过去数十年取得了较大进步,但理论与实践脱节。深海层序地层是深海沉积理论进展的另一个方面,层序界面类型、体系域沉积有自身的独特性:层序界面至少存在斜坡侵蚀面、低水位下超面和水下沉积间断面三种;当沉积背景以陆源碎屑为主时,LST主要为盆底扇,TST和早期HST表现为非钙质远洋沉积,晚期HST一般不发育;当碳酸盐沉积为沉积背景时,LST主体为碎屑流和跨塌蹦落沉积或淡水透镜体,TST和早期HST为钙质细粒沉积,晚期HST可能存在有较小规模的钙屑海底扇。建议慎重解释“鲍玛序列”,审视“浊积扇”理论,废弃“浊积扇”概念,加强深海牵引流沉积机理方面的研究;LST浊积砂体、砂质碎屑流形成的块状不规则砂体、深海牵引流砂体可在深海储层预测方面具有巨大潜势,深海沉积作用及其过程的精细研究在指导深海油气勘探方面将会发挥越来越为重要的作用。  相似文献   

深海热液活动环境场参数及模型分析          下载免费PDF全文

夏建新  韩凝  任华堂 《地学前缘》2009,16(6):48

深海热液活动是当今科学研究的热点,本文基于近年有关热液活动的各种模型,系统分析比较了热液柱的上升高度与热通量等参数变化规律,并对现有的热液羽状流模型和考虑洋壳特性的经验模型进行了分析。主要研究结果有:(1)热液柱上升高度与底部横向流和热源特性密切相关,单个热液喷口热通量和羽状热液柱中性浮力层模型热液热通量达109W/m2;(2)热液羽状流受多种因素影响,热液柱面积的轮廓,羽状热液柱各处的含盐量、潜在温度、速度可随深度改变发生变化;(3)考虑洋壳特性后,其浮力通量和热液柱最大的上升高度均有变化,上升高度可达1000多m,热通量达108W/m2。上述模型和参数可为进一步深入研究热液羽流运动机制和建立热液活动正演和反演模型提供参考。  相似文献   

Microbial community structure and diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre     

WEI Manman  ZHANG Rubing  WANG Yuguang  JI Houguo  ZHENG Ji  CHEN Xinhu  ZHOU Hongbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):42-51

The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields’ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (ELSC) in the Lau Basin (southwest Pacific). Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles separated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, representing two selected hydrothermal samples (19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11), were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.  相似文献   

Deep-Sea Impact Experiments and their Future Requirements     

R. Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):331-338

In recent years, several experiments to assess the potential impacts due to deep-sea mining in the Pacific as well as the Indian Oceans have indicated the immediate changes and restoration patterns of environmental conditions in the marine ecosystem. The large volume of sediment(~ 500 × 10⁷ m³ per year) estimated to be resuspended would be the major influencing factor in environmental impact in the mining area, leading to changes in availability of certain nutrients and composition of biomass, followed by gradual restoration. Important results have been obtained from these experiments, but in order to have a better understanding of the impacts and restoration processes, it will be necessary to improvise future experiments to resemble actual deep-sea mining in terms of scale and methodology.  相似文献